Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of Horseshoe Tunnel Subjected to Blasting and Confining Pressure

The blast loading direction and in-situ stress field have an effect on the destruction process in surrounding rock around tunnel. Five blasting directions are considered experiment simulation. static distribution by confining pressure superposition waves discussed simulation LS-DYNA. Results indicated that hoop accelerates radial cracks growing, damage hole is not influenced direction. wave failure along tunnel affected of prestress symmetrical under uniform (k = 1) decelerates crack extension pressure. Under non-uniform ≠ 1), tensile formed with a k increase horizontal propagation after loading. concentrated serious partial region tunnel, especially vault position static-dynamic coupling Notably, area between further expands when increases.